Copper ore, as a foundational material for electronics, renewable energy, and infrastructure, typically has a Mohs hardness of 6–7 and contains just 0.5–2% copper in its raw state. To extract valuable copper efficiently, the first critical step—crushing—must reduce large ore lumps (up to 1.5 meters in diameter) to uniform particles suitable for subsequent beneficiation. This process not only directly impacts grinding efficiency (accounting for 40–60% of total energy consumption) but also determines mineral liberation and final copper recovery rates.

Liming Heavy Industry, with three decades of expertise in mining equipment, has developed a mature three-stage closed-circuit crushing system tailored to copper ore's high hardness and abrasiveness. By integrating advanced 颚式，cone, and screening equipment, the company adheres to the "more crushing, less grinding" principle, which reduces energy consumption by 20–30% compared to traditional processes. This article focuses on Liming's core crushing equipment, process design, and on-site project outcomes, revealing its targeted solutions for copper ore processing challenges.

1. Three-Stage Closed-Circuit Crushing: The Optimal Process for Copper Ore

Copper ore's physical properties—high hardness, uneven composition, and tendency to produce fines—demand a systematic crushing approach. Liming's three-stage closed-circuit process (rough crushing → intermediate crushing → fine crushing + screening) ensures stable particle size distribution, minimizes over-crushing, and lays the groundwork for efficient downstream processing.

1.1 Process Flow and Design Logic

The process begins with rough crushing: Raw copper ore is fed into a jaw crusher via a vibrating feeder, reducing lumps from 1–1.5m to 100–200mm. This stage prioritizes handling capacity and equipment durability to withstand the impact of large ore blocks.

Next is intermediate crushing: Crushed material is screened, and oversize particles are sent to a single-cylinder hydraulic cone crusher, which further reduces the ore to 30–50mm. This step balances efficiency and particle shape, reducing wear on subsequent equipment.

The final fine crushing stage uses multi-cylinder hydraulic cone crushers to produce particles of 0–15mm (typically 0–12mm for grinding feed). A vibrating screen classifies the output; oversize material returns to the fine crusher, forming a closed circuit that guarantees consistent product granularity.

This design follows two core principles:

• Graded crushing: Matching equipment to ore size minimizes energy waste and equipment wear.

• Closed-circuit control: Real-time screening ensures no oversize material enters the grinding system, optimizing subsequent processing efficiency.

• 
  

2. Core Crushing Equipment for Copper Ore: Performance and Advantages

Liming's copper ore crushing equipment lineup is engineered for high hardness, continuous operation, and easy maintenance, with each model tailored to a specific crushing stage.

2.1 Rough Crushing: C6X Series Jaw Crusher – The "First Line of Defense"

The C6X series jaw crusher is Liming's flagship rough crushing equipment, designed to handle the largest and hardest copper ore lumps. Its key features include:

• Robust structural design: The detachable, weld-free frame uses high-strength steel, reducing transportation weight by 15% while improving structural rigidity. This design withstands the repeated impact of 1.2m-diameter ore blocks, ensuring 95%+ operational availability in harsh mining environments.

• Optimized crushing chamber: The deep, curved chamber adopts a "V-shaped" structure that increases the crushing ratio to 6:1–8:1, reducing the need for secondary crushing. In Xinjiang's copper mines, it consistently reduces 1m ore lumps to 150mm in one pass.

• Dual wedge adjustment system: Unlike traditional shim adjustment, this system allows quick discharge opening adjustments (from 10–100mm) without stopping production, adapting to varying ore hardness and downstream requirements.

• Integrated shock absorption: Elastic limit shock absorbers reduce vibration by 30%, protecting the foundation and extending equipment life by 20% compared to conventional jaw crushers.

Suitable for ores with compressive strength ≤300MPa, the C6X series is the primary choice for rough crushing in large-scale copper mines, with models ranging from C6X75 to C6X130, covering hourly capacities of 50–1,000 tons.

2.2 Intermediate Crushing: HST Single-Cylinder Hydraulic Cone Crusher – Efficiency Optimizer

For medium-hard to hard copper ore, the HST single-cylinder hydraulic cone crusher delivers high efficiency and easy maintenance, making it ideal for intermediate crushing. Its standout attributes include:

• Hydraulic integration technology: The integrated hydraulic system combines overload protection, discharge adjustment, and cavity clearing functions. If uncrushable debris (e.g., steel) enters the chamber, the system automatically lifts the mantle, 排出异物，and resumes operation—reducing downtime by 80% compared to spring cone crushers.

• High-capacity design: The large-diameter eccentric shaft and optimized stroke (16–30mm) increase throughput by 20–30% over similar models. In Guangdong's 8,000-ton-per-day (TPD) copper processing line, the HST160 model achieves 180–220t/h with stable discharge of 30–50mm.

• Intelligent control: Equipped with a PLC control system, it monitors load, temperature, and oil pressure in real-time. Operators can adjust parameters remotely, ensuring consistent output even as ore hardness fluctuates.

• Low maintenance cost: The integral frame and centralized lubrication system reduce maintenance time by 40%. Wear parts (concave and mantle) use high-chromium alloy, extending service life to 3–6 months in copper ore applications.

The HST series covers capacities of 50–600t/h, with discharge sizes adjustable from 10–60mm, making it versatile for both intermediate crushing and fine crushing in small-to-medium mines.

Introduction

In the context of global industrial upgrading and the increasing emphasis on environmental protection, the demand for efficient, flexible, and eco-friendly crushing equipment is on the rise. Liming Heavy Industry's crawler-type mobile crushing plant, with its advanced technology, reliable performance, and wide adaptability, has become a key force in promoting the transformation and development of multiple industries. This article will focus on the application of this equipment in construction waste recycling, mining, road and bridge construction, water conservancy projects, and emergency rescue, analyzing its application scenarios, solutions, implementation effects, and the value it brings to the industry, so as to provide a comprehensive reference for relevant enterprises and practitioners.

1. Application in Construction Waste Recycling Industry

1.1 Current Situation of Construction Waste Recycling

With the acceleration of urbanization, the amount of construction waste generated in urban renewal, old building demolition, and new project construction is increasing year by year. Traditional methods of construction waste disposal, such as landfill and stacking, not only occupy a large amount of land resources but also cause serious pollution to the soil, water, and air. Therefore, the recycling and reuse of construction waste have become an important part of building a resource-saving and environment-friendly society. However, the recycling of construction waste faces challenges such as complex composition, large variation in material properties, and difficulty in on-site processing, which require efficient and flexible crushing equipment to solve.

1.2 Advantages of Liming Heavy Industry's Crawler-type Mobile Crushing Plant in Construction Waste Recycling

Liming Heavy Industry's crawler-type mobile crushing plant has unique advantages in the field of construction waste recycling, which can effectively address the pain points of the industry:

• Strong adaptability to complex materials: Construction waste contains various components such as concrete blocks, bricks, stones, steel bars, and wood. The crawler-type mobile crushing plant of Liming Heavy Industry is equipped with a variety of crushing equipment (such as jaw crushers, impact crushers, and cone crushers) that can be flexibly configured according to the composition and hardness of the waste. For example, the jaw crusher is suitable for coarse crushing of hard materials such as concrete blocks and stones, while the impact crusher can effectively crush and shape medium-hard materials such as bricks, and at the same time, it can separate steel bars and other impurities through the built-in iron remover, ensuring the purity of the recycled aggregates.

• Flexible on-site operation: Construction waste is usually generated in different construction sites, and the location is scattered. The crawler-type mobile crushing plant of Liming Heavy Industry adopts a crawler chassis, which has strong off-road performance and can move freely on the construction site, even in harsh environments such as uneven ground and muddy roads. It can directly process the construction waste on-site, avoiding the transportation of a large amount of waste, reducing transportation costs and environmental pollution caused by transportation.

• High efficiency and energy saving: The equipment is equipped with a high-performance engine and an advanced hydraulic drive system, which has high crushing efficiency and low energy consumption. Taking the YG938E69L jaw crushing crawler-type mobile crushing plant as an example, its hourly processing capacity can reach 80-200 tons, and the unit energy consumption is only 0.75kw·h/ton, which is 30% lower than the industry average. At the same time, the equipment adopts a closed design, which can effectively reduce dust and noise pollution during the processing process, meeting the environmental protection requirements of the construction site.

Summary：In this article, we will discuss the eight most common types of gold ore and their properties, as well as the ways to process them

Gold ore is a type of ore that contains gold mineralization in its composition. It is a valuable and sought-after metal due to its rarity and beauty, as well as its industrial and economic applications. The gold content in ore varies widely, from a few grams to several ounces per ton. Different types of gold ore have different physical and chemical properties, which affect the mining, processing, and refining methods used to extract the gold.

In this article, we will discuss the eight most common types of gold ore and their properties, as well as the ways to process them.